The Harvard method is the recommended method of citation for most departments at LSE
There is some confusion around the use of the word Harvard as it is in fact a method of bibliographic citation rather than a specific style in itself.
With Harvard you place your citations in the text rather than using footnotes. Harvard is sometimes referred to as the 'author-date' method as this is what appears in the text of your document as e.g. (Baker, 2005)
Each essay or chapter then has a bibliography at the end which gives full citations to all the items referenced in your work. A longer document such as a theses may also have a complete bibliography at the end of the entire document which lists all items used throughout your work-this is often divided into different document types such as primary sources, secondary materials, websites etc.
Why should I use the Harvard Method?
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Straightforward and clear: all you need to do is mention the author and date of publication in the text of your work.
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No third place to look such as footnotes and chapter references
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Harvard is an alternative to using footnotes.
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Each chapter has its own bibliography, referencing the items cited in that chapter. Then all items are included in a standalone bibliography at the end of the dissertation
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The reader can easily locate the full description of the cited item by referring to the list of references (or bibliography) provided at the end
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The system shows at a glance the authority used, and how recent the information is
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Demonstrates the breadth of your research
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Clear referencing helps you to avoid plagiarism
But I have been told to use the Harvard Style
As we have seen, Harvard is a method and not a style. Bibliographic style is a personal choice and different to the Harvard method.
It is about whether titles are italicized, in bold, underlined, authors full names or initials are included -so the Harvard method can use different styles which dictate the appearance of your document but you should always have a citation in the text and a bibliographic reference at the end of your document.
Popular styles in Endnote X4 which can be used with the Harvard method include APA 5th|, Chicago 15th B| and Author-Date|. All include a citation in the text and a bibliography at the end but they all display information slightly differently.
APA 5th
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In text citation
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(Eriksen, 2002)
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Bibliography
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Eriksen, T. H. (2002). Ethnicity and nationalism (2nd ed.). London: Pluto Press.
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APA italicizes the title and displays the edition number. The date of publication displays immediately after the author details.
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Chicago 15th B
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In text citation
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(Eriksen 2002)
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Bibliography
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Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. Ethnicity and Nationalism. 2nd ed, Anthropology, Culture, and Society. London: Pluto Press, 2002.
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Chicago 15th also italicizes the title and displays the edition number, but uses the authors full first names rather than just the initials and also displays the series title. The date of publication appears at the end of the reference
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Author-Date
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In text citation
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(Eriksen 2002)
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Bibliography
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Eriksen, T. H. (2002). Ethnicity and nationalism. London, Pluto Press
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Author-Date underlines the title rather than italicizing it-and also does not display the edition number.
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Just to confuse you, there is in fact a bibliographic style within Endnote called 'Harvard' but it is not recommended as it does not include full bibliographic details of journal articles.
Follow this link for further information and advice on citing and referencing materials|