What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is a serious offence in academic work. All assessed essays will be checked against specialist plagiarism software. Work containing plagiarism may result in severe penalties.
The work you submit for assessment must be your own. If you attempt to pass off the work of others as your own, whether deliberately or not, you are committing plagiarism. Drawing on the work of others without appropriate referencing includes, but is not limited to:
- direct use of other’s formulations
- paraphrasing of their formulations
- use of other authors’ quotes from, and references to, third party sources
The work of others includes:
- text and illustrations from books, newspapers, journals, essays, reports and the Internet
Any quotation from the published or unpublished works of other persons, including other candidates, must be clearly identified as such. Quotes must be placed inside quotation marks and a full reference to sources must be provided in proper form. A series of short quotations from several different sources, if not clearly identified as such, constitutes plagiarism just as much as a single unacknowledged long quotation from a single source. All paraphrased material must also be clearly and properly acknowledged. All concepts, theories and ideas taken from your readings and other forms of learning must be properly attributed to the author(s).
If you are found to have committed an assessment offence (such as plagiarism or exam misconduct) this can result in major penalties being applied to your assessment, failure, and in extreme cases expulsion from the School.
Read the Regulations on Assessment Offiences: Plagiarism
Self- Plagiarism
You should also be aware that a piece of work may only be submitted for assessment once (either to LSE or elsewhere). Submitting the same piece of work twice (regardless of which institution you submit it to) will be regarded as an offence of ‘self-plagiarism’ and will also be treated in the same way as plagiarism.
Editorial Help
Any written work you produce (for classes, seminars, essays, examination scripts, and dissertations) must be solely your own. You must not employ a ‘ghost writer’ to write parts or all of the work, whether in draft or as a final version, on your behalf. For further information and the School’s Statement on Editorial Help, see the link below. Any breach of the Statement will be treated in the same way as plagiarism.
Read the Statement on Editorial Help for Students' Written Work
If you are unsure about the academic referencing conventions used by the Department you should seek guidance from class/seminar teachers, from the Department webpages, Moodle platforms for individual courses, student handbooks, your Academic Mentor, and/or LSE LIFE or the Library as soon as possible.
Ways to avoid Plagiarism
The golden rule for avoiding plagiarism is to ensure that examiners can be in no doubt as to which parts of your work are your own original formulations and which are the rightful property of someone else. When presenting the views and work of others, include in the text an acknowledgement of the source of the material e.g. ‘...as Waltz (1979) has shown...’ and give the full details of the work referenced in your bibliography.
If you wish to use references to third party sources you have found in a text, include a reference e.g. States ‘do not willingly place themselves in situations of increased dependence…considerations of security subordinate economic gain to political interest’ (Waltz, 1979, cited in Moravcsik, 1993, p. 129) and full bibliographical details of each work.
If you quote text verbatim, place the sentence in inverted commas and give the appropriate reference e.g. 'it is not possible to understand world politics simply by looking inside of states’ (Waltz, 1979, p 65) and give the full details in your bibliography. If you wish to set out the work of another author at length so that you can produce a counter-argument, set the quoted text apart from your own text (e.g. by indenting a paragraph) and identify it by using inverted commas and adding a reference as above.
For further guidance on how to avoid plagiarism and how to reference correctly see e.g. the book by Richard Pears and Graham Shields, Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism (Pear Tree Books, 2005); LSE Life and the Library who offer a wide range of workshops on referencing.