Raphael is an Associate Professorial Research Fellow and Deputy Director of CPEC at LSE. Until 2024 he was Deputy Director of the Centre for Health Service Economics and Organisation (CHSEO) at the University of Oxford.

At CPEC, he leads a programme of research on financing long-term care, which aims to make projections of demand for long-term care and associated expenditure up to 2041. He also leads research on provision of unpaid care and attitudes to caring, leads modelling work for studies of dementia care, and contributes to studies of personalisation, social care workforce, innovation in social care, and other topics.

Raphael was for many years a Senior Economist at the Department of Health and Social Care, where he led a team of DHSC analysts providing analysis on social services and mental health services.